Which four dimensions are used to describe outcomes in the US healthcare system?

• A. Quality, access, expenditure, and outcomes
• B. Access and affordability plus satisfaction
• C. Cost, quality, access, and equity of care
• D. Utilization, safety, innovation, and efficiency

Answer: (C)

The four dimensions used to describe outcomes in the US healthcare system are cost, quality, access, and equity of care.

Cost looks at total spending and value delivered to patients, highlighting affordability and sustainability. Quality covers safety and effectiveness of care, and often includes patient-centeredness and timeliness. Access means people can obtain care when they need it, without undue barriers. Equity focuses on fair treatment and similar outcomes across different populations, aiming to reduce disparities.

These four together capture whether care is affordable, safe and effective, reachable, and fair. Other options mix in satisfaction or process measures like utilization or innovation, which describe experiences or operations rather than the core outcome framework.